Bulletins of Natural and Applied Sciences
Vol. 3(1):50-59
Phytochemical Profiling and GC-MS Analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) Obtained in Lagos, Nigeria
Oloyede, M. Adeola*, and Worship O. Agbonifo 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos-Nigeria; 2Department of Physiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo-Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible mushroom valued for its nutritional richness and therapeutic potential, largely attributed to its diverse phytochemical constituents. This study aimed to characterize the` phytochemical makeup and proximate composition of P. ostreatus using qualitative and quantitative assays together with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ethanolic extracts of oven-dried mushroom samples were subjected to standard phytochemical and proximate assays, while GC–MS analysis was applied to detect and characterize the bioactive constituents. The extract tested positive for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, and phenols, with saponins occurring in the highest concentration (52.50 mg/100 g). Proximate analysis revealed high levels of protein (31.15 %) and crude fiber (37.02 %), alongside low fat content (0.097 %), indicating substantial nutritional value. GC–MS profiling identified twenty-nine compounds, including 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-methyl-, L-arabinitol, Bromoacetic acid octadecyl ester, 9,17-Octadecadienal (Z)-, and Didodecyl phthalate, metabolites associated with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytoprotective properties. The findings suggest that P. ostreatus is an abundant source of bioactive and nutritionally beneficial compounds, capable of supporting human health through multiple biochemical mechanisms. The findings affirm the mushroom’s role as a functional food and natural reservoir of therapeutic agents, underscoring its potential for use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
