Bulletins of Natural and Applied Sciences
Vol. 3(1):99-113
Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex in Suspected Bovine Lung Tissue Samples from Plateau, Borno and Taraba States, Nigeria
Malgwi R.I5*., Olaolu O.S2, Bakam J.D1., Oyekan O. A6, ThankGod D.G 2., Ogunmolawa O.R4., Igah O.E4., Samson M2., Darang A.B4., Adebiyi S.O3., Gyallak J.K7., Duwong K. R., Bwala D.G4., Ularamu H6., Audu B.J2., Luka P.D2., Owolodun O.A2., Obishakin, E
ABSTRACT
Globally and in Nigeria, a zoonotic bacterial disease commonly seen in cattle is bovine tuberculosis (bTB), usually chronic and caused by the members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), primarily Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae, and occasionally Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite its public health relevance, rapid identification of specific MTBC species responsible for bTB in cattle across Nigeria remains limited. This study aimed to determine the specific MTBC species causing bTB and assess their zoonotic implications among high-risk groups in selected Nigerian states. Surveillance and diagnostic lung tissue samples were collected from subclinical cattle in abattoirs located in Jos (Plateau State), Maiduguri (Borno State) and Jalingo (Taraba State), Nigeria. A total of 120 lung tissues were processed between April and July 2024 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MTBC detection. Out of the 120 samples analyzed, 52% tested positive for MTBC. Among the positive cases, 69% were from female cattle and 31% from males, with M. bovis specifically detected in 17% of the total samples. These results indicate ongoing circulation of MTBC, particularly M. bovis within the cattle population. This study confirms the continued presence and transmission of MTBC species, especially M. bovis, in cattle across the study locations, underscoring their zoonotic potential. Strengthening integrated, rapid and routine surveillance systems is recommended to enhance early detection, control transmission, and protect both animal and human health.
